225 years contributing to politics

Many French and international political personalities have attended École Polytechnique. They have held every position in politics, from President of the Republic down, and many have represented the country internationally. Three Polytechniciens have been Presidents of France: Sadi Carnot, Albert Lebrun and Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. Numerous men and women who have graduated from Polytechnique have been members of the government, such as Charles de Freycinet, President of the Council of Ministers under Sadi Carnot; Pierre Guillaumat, Minister of Education under Charles de Gaulle in the government led by Michel Debré; Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, Nicolas Sarkozy's Minister of Ecology in the government of François Fillon; Elisabeth Borne, Emmanuel Macron's Minister of Transports in the government of Edouard Philippe; and abroad, M’Hamed Douiri, a Moroccan minister, Abdourahmane Cissé, an Ivorian minister or Nejla Moalla Harrouch, a Tunisian minister. And in the legislature, Fabienne Keller has been a Senator since 2004. As for the representation of France on the international stage, X alumni include, in particular, Gérard Araud, French Ambassador to the United States, François-Xavier Deniau, diplomat, and Virginie Rozière, MEP.